Category: Electrical Engineering


There is one more source from which electricity could come from. In most methods that we have seen that heat is converted into electricity except in wind farms and in hydro electric stations. We could say that wind farms too generate electricity indirectly because of heat. Air moves around and creates a wind that is strong enough force to spin the blades of a fan that in turn rotates an induction generator to produce heat, is because of heat changes in various parts of the earth. When one place is hot and another is cold, the hot air moves to the cooler area, or vice versa, and this is one of the reasons for movement of air.

Well, lets skip that, as Im not very good with metorology.

Geo Thermal Power Stations

Again. Its thermal. The core of the earth is still hot, and its not yet cooled down. People around are not letting the heat escape. The earth itself is not. Thick layers of soil surrounding the earth, with underground rivers, and lakes in place the heat is contained inside the earth for ever.

At times it becomes too hot inside, just like a mad man’s head, and it explodes and a reddish material comes out of vents called Lava from Volcanoes. You cannot generate electricity from that.

But at places, the heat beneath the earth heats up the water that lies underground, and make them ooze up to the surface, and this is called a Geyser, and at places the water can be so hot that they come out as steam. People who are smart enough use this steam to spin turbines and monetize it. Though large turbines cannot be rotated, smaller ones can, and in a place where there is a concentration of Geysers, you will find a concentration of generators too.

Image:Puhagan geothermal plant.jpg

Now thats what a geo thermal plant looks like.

I guess I’d better close this thread now, and start a new thread called How is Electricity Distributed.

Electricity in large scale cannot be produced by chemical cells, and has to be done the magnetic way. Make a conductor cut a magnetic line, and wa la, you get a current flow in it. So, in a large scale, it has to be generated at Power stations, where huge amounts of energy is present or is diverted to from other energy sources. These sources can be heat, and gravity, or light(though not in a large scale), or Wind (not the one that comes out of you).

The hydro electric power station uses gravity. It uses gravity to transport water from a Dam to the turbines, and then turn them to produce power.

Water seems to be indespensable when it comes to generating electricity in huge volumes in most places. Hydro electric plants, as the name suggests uses water, and so does the Thermal and Nuclear Power stations.

Thermal Power Stations

Thermal power stations have huge boilers dedicated for each generator that they have. These boilers are structures made with solid metal made with extreme care and perfection that they can hold steam in pressures equivalent to that of the water pressure that is 5 KM below the sea level. If a live man is put inside it, he would die of the heat first, and then his body would be compressed to a hair strand in seconds.

The bottom of these boilers are pumped with water and recycled steam from the turbines (so as not to waste energy), and the source of heat in these power stations are coal or lignite that burn in a huge furnace built at the bottom of the boiler. The heat in these furnaces can reach over 1000 degrees Celsius, hot enough to melt iron. Luckily these boilers are made with alloys that can withstand the heat.

Coal or lignite what ever is used, is ground into fine dust and is sprayed with great force into the furnace with a blower, ideally mixed with pure air that has a lot of oxygen. This produces very high effeciency, and makes sure that each and every particle of the coal is burnt, and the furnace is built so well that the heat is effected fully on the boiler, and the smoke, after loosing most of its heat to the boiler and flows out thru the chimney. Ofcourse, government regulations are in place to make sure that the smoke that leaves the furnace are filtered so well off the carbon so that it doesnt pollute the air.

Thus, the water is boiled and converted into steam, and the steam is held in high preassure inside the boiler, which is something like a massive pressure cooker. The outlet of the boiler is usually at its top, and steam is directed thru pipes controlled by automated regulatory valves, which is similar to the governor valves found in Hydro Electric power plants, and is passed on to the turbine chamber.

The turbine chamber is a highly enclosed areo dynamic circular chamber into which the steam is passed, and made to blow into the blades of the turbine, and after a full rotation, it is let out and is passed back to the boiler where it is recycled.

The speed of the generator is controlled by the valve which controls the flow of the steam.

Contd…….

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