There are more things to servers than just plain web hosting. Out of the 15% market share of Windows servers, about 10 % are application servers and only the other 5% comes to Web Hosting. If you have a large company that has various branches around the world, and would like to keep the billing cnetralized, instead of hosting a server in your own office, paying for the internet and maintaining it, you could get it from a datacentre in the US, who would take care of everything for you in the hardware side.
These servers can be pointed to by a domain name, and an email service be installed in it, and the application that has been designed to take care of the billing or anything that it is supposed to take care of is installed on the server. When a billing PC of the associated company in any part of the world needs to fetch data, which would always be connected to the internet, it will do so from the centralized data on the server.
Logistics companies use centralized servers to run theri tracking applications, and make it available on their websites for the clients to view the progress. Airline companies, shipping companies, railways and even bus companies run their ticket booking services thru a server, and it is no longer thru phones thru which bookings are confirmed between various stations that a bus would pass thru.
Most of the application servers that I have seen are on Windows, as windows seems to be good at running single sites, if it is protected well from viruses. It comes with a remote desktop and it is easier to mange. And as long as Windows is only used by a closed group of users who know what they are doing, it is safe enough.
Have I told you that I was using Windows XP from 2002 to 2005 without a single virus infection, or having the need to format the hard drive, and that too without any virus, spyware or adware protection? Thats because I have always known the problems with windows, and what not to do to save it from getting my PC into trouble. Though I couldnt do much of that for my servers, since it was on a multi user environemnt and I had no control over the files that the clients would upload and share.